JSP 的模板
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[摘要]By Scott Ferguson 引論 樣板的框架: Hello, World Servlet 評論 展示留言板 留言板的模式 作為應(yīng)用屬性的留言板 留言板的邏輯 結(jié)論 引論 JSP的強(qiáng)大優(yōu)勢在于...
By Scott Ferguson
引論
樣板的框架: Hello, World
Servlet 評論
展示留言板
留言板的模式
作為應(yīng)用屬性的留言板
留言板的邏輯
結(jié)論
引論
JSP的強(qiáng)大優(yōu)勢在于把一種應(yīng)用的商務(wù)邏輯和它的介紹分離開來。用 Smalltalk的面向?qū)ο蟮男g(shù)語來說， JSP鼓勵(lì)MVC(model-view-controller)的web應(yīng)用。JSP的classes 或 beans 是模型, JSP 是這個(gè)視圖, 而Servlet是控制器。
這個(gè)例子是一個(gè)簡單的留言板。用戶登錄和留言。 It is also available in the Resin demos
Role Implementation
Model A GuestBook of Guests.
View login.jsp for new users
add.jsp for logged-in users.
Controller GuestJsp, a servlet to manage the state.
樣板的框架: Hello, World
GuestJsp的框架把 "Hello, World" 這個(gè)字符串傳給login.jsp頁面。這個(gè)框架為留言板設(shè)立結(jié)構(gòu)。具體細(xì)節(jié)將在下面補(bǔ)充。
這個(gè)例子被編譯后可以瀏覽到：
http://localhost:8080/servlet/jsp.GuestJsp
你可以看到這樣的頁面:
Hello, world
JSP模板是以Servlet的處理開始然后把處理結(jié)果傳給JSP頁進(jìn)行格式化。
Forwarding uses a Servlet 2.1 feature of the ServletContext, getRequestDispatcher(). The request dispatcher lets servlets forward and include any subrequests on the server. It's a more flexible replacements for SSI includes. The RequestDispatcher can include the results of any page, servlet, or JSP page in a servlet's page. GuestJsp will use dispatcher.forward() to pass control to the JSP page for formatting.
GuestJsp.java: Skeleton package jsp.GuestJsp;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
/**
* GuestJsp is a servlet controlling user
* interaction with the guest book.
*/
public class GuestJsp extends HttpServlet {
/**
* doGet handles GET requests
*/
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req,
HttpServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException
{
// Save the message in the request for login.jsp
req.setAttribute("message", "Hello, world");
// get the application object
ServletContext app = getServletContext();
// select login.jsp as the template
RequestDispatcher disp;
disp = app.getRequestDispatcher("login.jsp");
// forward the request to the template
disp.forward(req, res);
}
}
The servlet and the jsp page communicate with attributes in the HttpRequest object. The skeleton stores "Hello, World" in the "message" attribute. When login.jsp starts, it will grab the string and print it.
Since Resin's JavaScript understands extended Bean patterns, it translates the request.getAttribute("message") into the JavaScript equivalent request.attribute.message.
login.jsp: Skeleton <%@ page language=javascript %>
<head>
<title><%= request.attribute.message %></title>
</head>
<body bgcolor='white'>
<h1><%= request.attribute.message %></h1>
</body>
Servlet Review
For those coming to JSP from an ASP or CGI background, Servlets replace CGI scripts taking advantage of Java's strength in dynamic class loading. A servlet is just a Java class which extends Servlet or HttpServlet and placed in the proper directory. Resin will automatically load the servlet and execute it.
doc
index.html
login.jsp
add.jsp
WEB-INF
classes
jsp
GuestJsp.class
GuestBook.class
Guest.class
The url /servlet/classname forwards the request to the Servlet Invoker. The Invoker will dynamically load the Java class classname from doc/WEB-INF/classes and try to execute the Servlet's service method.
Resin checks the class file periodically to see if the class has changed. If so, it will replace the old servlet with the new servlet.
Displaying the Guest Book
The next step, after getting the basic framework running, is to create the model.
The GuestBook model
The guest book is straightforward so I've just included the API here. It conforms to Bean patterns to simplify the JavaScript. The same API will work for HashMap, file-based, and database implementations.
JSP files only have access to public methods. So a JSP file cannot create a new GuestBook and it can't add a new guest. That's the responsibility of the GuestJsp servlet.
jsp.Guest.java API package jsp;
public class Guest {
Guest();
public String getName();
public String getComment();
}
Resin's JavaScript recognizes Bean patterns. So JSP pages using JavaScript can access getName() and getComment() as properties. For example, you can simply use guest.name and guest.comment
jsp.GuestBook.java API package jsp;
public class GuestBook {
GuestBook();
void addGuest(String name, String comment);
public Iterator iterator();
}
Resin's JavaScript also recognizes the iterator() call, so you can use a JavaScript for ... each to get the guests:
for (var guest in guestBook) {
...
}
GuestBook as application attribute
To keep the example simple, GuestJsp stores the GuestBook in the application (ServletContext). As an example, storing data in the application is acceptable but for full-fledged applications, it's better just to use the application to cache data stored elsewhere.
jsp.GuestJsp.java // get the application object
ServletContext app = getServletContext();
GuestBook guestBook;
// The guestBook is stored in the application
synchronized (app) {
guestBook = (GuestBook) app.getAttribute("guest_book");
// If it doesn't exist, create it.
if (guestBook == null) {
guestBook = new GuestBook();
guestBook.addGuest("Harry Potter", "Griffindor rules");
guestBook.addGuest("Draco Malfoy", "Slytherin rules");
app.setAttribute("guest_book", guestBook);
}
}
RequestDispatcher disp;
disp = app.getRequestDispatcher("login.jsp");
// synchronize the Application so the JSP file
// doesn't need to worry about threading
synchronized (app) {
disp.forward(req, res);
}
The JSP file itself is simple. It grabs the guest book from the application and displays the contents in a table. Normally, application objects need to be synchronized because several clients may simultaneously browse the same page. GuestJsp has taken care of synchronization before the JSP file gets called.
login.jsp: Display Guest Book <%@ page language=javascript %>
<head>
<title>Hogwarts Guest Book</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor='white'>
<h1>Hogwarts Guest Book</h1>
<table>
<tr><td width='25%'><em>Name</em><td><em>Comment</em>
<%
var guestBook = application.attribute.guest_book
for (var guest in guestBook) {
out.writeln("<tr><td>" + guest.name + "<td>" + guest.comment);
}
%>
</body>
Hogwarts Guest Book
Name Comment
Harry Potter Griffindor Rules
Draco Malfoy Slytherin Rules
Guest book logic
The guest book logic is simple. If the user has not logged in, she sees comments and a form to log in. After login, she'll see the comments and a form to add a comment. login.jsp formats the login page and add.jsp formats the add comment page.
GuestJsp stores login information in the session variable.
Form Variable Meaning
action 'login' to login or 'add' to add a comment
name user name
password user password
comment comment for the guest book
Guest book logic ...
// name from the session
String sessionName = session.getValue("name");
// action from the forms
String action = request.getParameter("action");
// name from the login.jsp form
String userName = request.getParameter("name");
// password from the login.jsp form
String password = request.getParameter("password");
// comment from the add.jsp form
String comment = request.getParameter("comment");
// login stores the user in the session
if (action != null && action.equals("login") &&
userName != null &&
password != null && password.equals("quidditch")) {
session.putValue("name", userName);
}
// adds a new guest
if (action != null && action.equals("add") &&
sessionName != null &&
comment != null) {
guestBook.addGuest(sessionName, comment);
}
String template;
// if not logged in, use login.jsp
if (session.getValue("name") == null)
template = "login.jsp";
// if logged in, use add.jsp
else
template = "add.jsp";
RequestDispatcher disp;
disp = app.getRequestDispatcher(template);
...
login.jsp and add.jsp just append different forms to the display code in the previous section.
login.jsp <%@ page language=javascript %>
<head>
<title>Hogwarts Guest Book: Login</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor='white'>
<h1>Hogwarts Guest Book</h1>
<table>
<tr><td width='25%'><em>Name</em><td><em>Comment</em>
<%
var guestBook = application.attribute.guest_book
for (var guest in guestBook) {
out.writeln("<tr><td>" + guest.name + "<td>" + guest.comment);
}
%>
<hr>
<form action='GuestJsp' method='post'>
<input type=hidden name='action' value='login'>
<table>
<tr><td>Name:<td><input name='Name'>
<tr><td>Password:<td><input name='Password' type='password'>
<tr><td><input type=submit value='Login'>
</form>
</body>
Conclusion
The Resin demo shows a few ways to extend the guest book, including adding some intelligence to the form processing. However, as forms get more intelligent, even JSP templates become complicated. There is a solution: XTP templates.
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